structured data
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structured data may be used to refer to computer science data structures in general, or in the context of the web, adding structure (often semantic) to HTML markup, like microformats, most recently microformats2 as an IndieWeb building block.
Historical
There have been past "structured data" efforts on the web, like the nearly eponymously named "Structured Blogging", a 2005-era attempt to structure blog posts using XML embedded in <script> tags inside HTML (AKA XML Data Islands) that invisibly duplicated the visible content from HTML.